1 - You
should know better
The speaker is giving a negative opinion of the other person's behaviour
now
The speaker
is giving a negative opinion of the other person's behaviour in the past
2 - I shan't
tell her
The person
has already decided not to tell her The
person is making a promise
3 - You must
do it
The speaker
is not the source of authority The
speaker is the source of authority
4 - May I
come in?
The speaker is asking for permission to come in
The speaker
is asking about their ability to come in
5 - 'Is that
the doorbell?' 'That'll be Jim.'
The speaker
is not sure if it's Jim because she hasn't seen him
The speaker is fairly sure it is Jim because he always arrives at the same
time
6 - You'd
better hurry
This is an
order This
is a strong suggestion
7 - If I
hadn't broken my wrist, I'd be playing in the volleyball finals
The finals
have already been played The
finals haven't been played yet
8 - I ought
to leave
OUGHT TO
means the same as SHOULD OUGHT TO is stronger than SHOULD
9 - I ought
to tell him
OUGHT TO
is not as strong as HAD BETTER OUGHT TO is stronger than HAD
BETTER
10 - You
needn't have done all that inputting alone
The person
did the inputting alone The person isn't going to do the
inputting alone now
11 - He can't
speak Dutch
The person is
not allowed to speak Dutch The
person is not able to speak Dutch
12 - He might
be there when you get there
There is a
possibility that the person will be there The person
definitely will be there
13 - Surely,
she can't have finished already!
The
speaker is surprised and finds it hard to believe The
speaker is stating an absolute fact
14 - You
needn't have bothered filling in all those forms
The person
filled in the forms The person didn't fill the
forms in
15 - You
oughtn't to have spoken to them like that
The speaker
is referring to the present moment The
speaker is referring to the past
16 - I didn't
dare go inside
The person
lacked the courage to go in The person wasn't allowed to go in
17 - We
couldn't swim yesterday
The speaker
wants to tell us that he and his friends did not know how to swim
The speaker wants to tell us that something stopped them from swimming
18 - You
ought to try to phone her on her birthday
'Ought to' is
stronger than 'should' 'Ought
to' is as strong as 'should'
19 - You
might have been killed!
The speaker is probably angry with the person
The speaker
is pleased that the person was in danger
20 - I should
be home by around nine so I'll see you then
The speaker has a fairly good idea of the time he'll be home, but is not
100% sure
The speaker
is under a moral obligation to get home by nine o'clock
21 - You
could hurt yourself
The speaker
is giving permission to the other person
The speaker is warning the other person of a danger
22 - You have
to get everything ready before the end of the day
The
speaker is not the source of authority The speaker is the source of authority
Ø
A
group of magpies is called a tiding, one of ravens an unkindness, one of
turtledoves a pitying, one of starlings a murmuration, one of swans a
lamentation, one of ponies a string, one of rattlesnakes a rhumba, one of crows
a murder, one of cobras a quiver, one of foxes a skulk, one of emus a mob, one
of elks a gang, one of cats a clowder, one of flamingoes a pat, and one of
bears a sleuth. Groups of geese are named in a peculiar manner; when they are
on the ground they are called a "gaggle", but in the air they are
called a "skein".
Ø
The
word "daisy" comes from the Old English "daeges eage",
meaning "the eye of the day", as it reminded people of the sun.
___________________________
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